New research into the Ziguang Shang Shi Sect by Ah Ming

Introduction

 A native speaker of Chinese identified only by the pseudonym Ah Ming did a Chinese language internet search and discovered some new information on the Ziguang sect, without coming up with any definitive explanation for its move to Amsterdam.  Ah Ming has no connection with the Ziguang sect and has never met any of its members. Since the report has an objective  and even-handed tone and does not express any hostility to the group, I decided to publish it here without any editing or abridgment.

Background on Ziguang Shang Shi

Guang Huan Mi Zong has  both an  English and Chinese website. The Chinese version does not limit access to members, and provides some biographical information on Ziguang:

He is said to have become a Buddhist at the age of 5. At 7, Ziguang was forced to flee with his mother  (unclear from where, to where, and why). Five years later, he was "enlightened" and decided to devote his life to spreading the teachings of Buddhism . He started learning from various masters. In 1986, he began touring the world and treating the sick.

I was surprised I could not find his Chinese name. Most of the time, a Shang Shi (holy master)  has a Chinese name they go by in addition to this title.  "Shang" means "holy" and "Shi" means "master." In any Buddhist group, a Shang Shi is the highest authority. "Ziguang" translates literally to "purple light." Usually, when a person obtains a religious title, he/she also picks up a name with religious significance. I didn't find any reference to purple light in Buddhist sects, but it appears his name suggests he shines a light on the inner soul and clears the body of illnesses.

There is no evidence of use of the name "Lucas Wang" before he arrives in US. There is also no mention of this name in Chinese media. It is really unusual for a Shang Shi to hold an English name like "Lucas." If for nothing else, such a common name detracts from a Shang Shi's claim of religious authority.

Connection to Hong Kong Federation of Education Centers

 Based on a  search of Chinese-language sites, it appears Guang Huan Mi Zong has some sort of connection with Hong Kong Federation of Education Centers. The HKFEC is a non-profit organization based in Hong Kong, and according to its website its mission is to promote education and provide professional training. However, the HKFEC is also "Angel-sound Newspaper Office." Nearly all of the educational links on its website deal with physical and spiritual health, and in many cases Ziguang's quotes are used. The HKFEC says it recognizes the Guang Huan Mi Zong's commitment to improving human health.

What seems strange is that the HKFEC's director Sita Mak and its board members Dr. Raymond Wong, Franki Law, and Stella Choi are all educators. Most notably, Dr. Wong writes for several reputable Hong Kong publications. His articles focus on teaching children financial skills. I haven't found anything that linked any of these four people to religious teachings, so it seems odd they would start an organization that promotes Guang Huan Mi Zong.

Similarities with Other Buddhist Sects

Based on my own experience, I would see the Ziguang group as similar to a number of Buddhist sects that exist in the US, China and Taiwan. Faith healing is certainly common among Buddhist sects, many of them which are relatively new. They are mostly seem as scams by those who do not belong to the sects. People often turn to these sects when they get an illness for which there is no cure or the cure is too expensive. A lot of people probably would have live longer by receiving the proper medical treatments. But there are cases in which treatments offered by these sects "work." Whether or not it is coincidental, such instances certainly help the sects attract a group of devoted followers who feel they owe their lives to the sect and its leader.

 Guang Huan Mi Zong

"Guang Huan" means "ring of light." "Mi Zong" means "secretive religious order." Mi Zong actually can be adopted by any religious group whose teachings are based on secretive connections with the divine. The term originates from religious groups in India. Today there are many religious sects that call themselves Mi Zong in India, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Japan, although most people would associate Mi Zong with Tibet.

"Guang Huan" is a popular Chinese phrase; many stores and business uses the name. There isn't really a reason to suspect these businesses have a a connection with Guang Huan Mi Zong, which does not seem to refer to any other group.

I haven't found any teachings of Guang Huan Mi Zong that are associated with property-owning, but some Buddhist sects do preach owning property as essential to establishing power. As for funding, it is puzzling, but some sects do attract a tremendous amount of money.

Similarities to the Ching Hai sect

A well known example which might interest you is the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association. The group has been deemed a cult by the Chinese government and by many respected Buddhist organizations. Ching Hai was born in Vietnam into a Catholic family, and she later formed a Buddhist group (whose teachings are not Buddhist at all). Her case is pretty fascinating. She sells expensive memorabilia to her followers and charges highly for various services and programs. She even once claimed her bathwater can cure illnesses and had her followers drink it. There are numerous accusations of her organization being a scam. In fact, charges has forced her to fled many places. Some say she has gotten at least hundreds of millions of dollars through scams. Nevertheless, she continues to have a huge, devoted following around the world among Asian communities. Her followers continue to donate to her in large amounts and argue charges against her are false. You can find a lot of information and videos about her by searching "Supreme Master Ching Hai," though many English sources seem to portray her in a much better light than Chinese ones. Perhaps the way her group operates can give insights on Guang Huan Mi Zong (the "contact us" page on her website puts the sheer size of her organization in perspective).

Some thoughts

Guang Huan Mi Zong can be seen  as part of a larger trend of a rise of new Buddhist sects that have gotten wealthy through donations. But this doesn't seem to explain why Ziguang  would choose to go into a non-Asian community. He does not seem to have a bad reputation among the Chinese-speaking community. And if his primarily interest is to make money, his choice of investments seems bizarre.

One last note on Guang Huan Mi Zong. It is entirely possible that it has the largest following in Hong Kong. When I typed in Ziguang Shang Shi, the first few pages are mostly blog and forum pages, mostly on  Hong Kong websites. The blogs all detail miraculous stories of how Ziguang has saved lives. Whenever there is a post questioning the legitimacy of Guang Huan Mi Zong, the post is almost always replied by Ziguang's followers arguing otherwise. Also, his website is in traditional rather than simplified Chinese. Only Taiwan and Hong Kong still use traditional Chinese, and Guang Huan Mi Zong does not appear to have a following in Taiwan. (Though of course many religions are still practiced in secret in China.)

Ziguang's Claims of Healing Powers Raise Questions

Published in today's  Schenectady Gazette

When I met Ziguang Shang Shi at the former St. Casimir’s Church in Amsterdam on October 21, he gave me his self-published book, “Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi in U.S.A; Miraculous Stories of Salvation.”  I have always had an interest in various religions, and was eager to learn what he had to say.

I didn’t get to read the book until after I came back to St. Casimir’s a second time on October 26, for its re-dedication as the Five Buddhas Temple. But when I opened his book and started to read it, I didn’t know what to make of it.

The book consists almost entirely of 161 personal statements from Chinese-speaking people who came to the healing sessions Ziguang has been conducting in American cities for several years. And the world pictured in the book is a scary place. Ziguang writes that “devils are raging all over the world. The demons of illness rampantly endanger the physical and spiritual healthiness over the world. It causes the decline of human health.”

And according to the book, he is the savior in this world full of devils: “During the Dharma Vanishing Era, Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi descends to this mortal world for rescuing people with his divine power and his great mercy of Buddha.” Zhi Bei saw him control the ocean’s waves and Xiang-rong Ma even says she saw him rise into the air: “This moment I suddenly saw Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi’s body raised in the air and I saw golden light emitted from his body. They shined on all audiences.”

Such visions are not unusual for people who have come to Ziguang’s healing sessions. Lin Fan-Yuan “felt there was an opening at the top of my head. I could feel a spark entering my head. I could feel the door of my wisdom was opened when the Buddha light was entering my head.” Dong Min Mo “smelled a nice scent and saw a violet light on top of my head” and afterwards was happy to lose 12 pounds and reduce her waist size two inches.

But there does seem to be something like exorcism going on for many of these people, particularly when the ailments are of a more serious nature. Ziguang tells Yuan-Zhu Liao: “Don’t worry. You will be fine after the evil spirits in your body were driven away.” He tells  Dai-Shi Huang that “Satan has already left your body. Your abdomen wouldn’t be swollen again.”

What really worried me was the story told by Xiaoling Lu, who had been hearing voices telling her to kill herself, but Ziguang told her: “You are not insane. You are haunted by something evil. If nothing is done, you will be in bigger troubles.”  What if she avoids psychiatric treatment based on what he told her, and then kills herself?

Although some of the illnesses are relatively minor, people with Parkinson’s disease and cancer also came to be healed by Ziguang. I know that a positive attitude is important to health, but it strikes me as terribly irresponsible if you make somebody feel so positive that they give up life-saving medical treatment.

For example, Qiong-fang Lin had an operation for breast cancer: “I just believed in science, medication and surgical operation to remove tumors. Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi said it did not need injection, medicine and surgery, cancer cells can be controlled. Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi told me not to worry as the esoteric dharma would prevent the spread and transfer of cancer only if I practiced sincerely and did merit wholeheartedly.”

On that first day when I went to St. Casimir’s, there were things that were puzzling, even though I didn’t know anything yet about the group’s belief in miraculous healing. I was made to feel welcome right away and Jenny Wong invited me to join a lecture being given by Ziguang, who was speaking in Chinese to a group of 28 women and five men.

Ziguang soon began talking directly to me and asked me if I had any questions, so I asked him these four: How many people will be coming from China to live in Amsterdam? Will the people from China settle and raise families here like previous immigrants? Is it their goal to become American citizens? And, why is the group buying so many properties so quickly? Ziguang answered none of these questions but simply repeated much of what was quoted in earlier news reports: he has come to bring health to the people of Amsterdam; he will bring prosperity by opening new factories and other businesses.

At one point in that meeting, Ziguang started talking about the burglary at St. Casimir’s in September, and he said he might go to France if people here did not want him. I turned and asked the group if they would stay in that case or if they would follow their master. They cried out in almost one voice that they would follow the master wherever he went. I guess whether they stay or go depends entirely on what he says.

And another odd thing happened after the meeting was over. I asked Jenny Wong how many people had come with Ziguang from China, but she wouldn’t give me a definite number, or even a ballpark range. She said that the people were here on a “voluntary” basis and that the numbers keep changing because people come and go from China.

When I finally finished Ziguang’s book a couple weeks later, I felt that I needed to know more about Buddhism if I was going to be fair. I went to see Monshin Paul Naamon, abbot of the Tendai Buddhist Temple in Canaan, which is affiliated with an ancient Japanese religious institution. “Claiming healing powers like this is not sanctioned by any recognized Buddhist tradition,” Naamon told me. “Buddhism is a search for the nature of reality. If you do something to feed people’s delusions, that is not Buddhism.”

I don’t know much about Buddhism, but I’m inclined to agree with him.

Trying to make sense of $3.5 million in area real estate purchases by Buddhist group

 Interior of the Chuang Yen Temple in Carmel, NY  

One of many Buddhist religious centers in the Hudson Valley

According to tradition, Siddhartha Gautama became the Buddha, the awakened one, after rejecting his luxurious life as a prince and engaging in many years of self-denial and meditation.  The monks who followed in his footsteps over the centuries took vows of poverty and kept only the most meager possessions: their sandals, a robe, a bowl for begging alms. Only last year seven Buddhist monks were denied visas to enter Canada because of their self-chosen poverty.  Canada's visa forms ask each applicant to declare any money and possessions back in his homeland, and when the monks indicated they had renounced property and possessions, the reply bounced back:  “Visa denied ... applicant has not provided relevant information.”

But the Buddhists who have come to Amsterdam are spending lavishly , and in cash, for real estate of all kinds.  Since 2005 the group had been residing at the former Jesuit Retreat House in Auriesville as the American Sports Committee, Inc., attracting little to no public notice locally. Ziguang had been sponsoring healing sessions at hotel ballrooms in major American cities, such as New York and Philadelphia,  since moving to Auriesville from California, but these were aimed at a Chinese-speaking audience and were not visible to English-speaking people in our region.

Jesuit Retreat House, purchased in 2005

But beginning in June, 2010 the World Peace and Health Organization, Inc, as the group now called itself, purchased two closed Catholic churches in Amsterdam, St. Michael’s and St. Casimir’s for a total of $250,000 under the name of  the non-profit entity, Guang Huan Mi Zong, Inc. 

For another religious denomination  to buy closed Catholic churches is not unusual in the Albany diocese where 33 churches were marked for closing as of 2009, and in April a third Catholic church, St. John the Baptist, was sold to a Pentecostal congregation.

 St. Michael the Archangel Church, price $100,000

St. Casimir's Church,, price $150,000

The Buddhist congregation, however, broke new ground in real estate purchases with a strong presence at an auction of foreclosed properties in August. The Amsterdam Recorder reported that the group’s bids ranged from $100 for a one family house on Voorhees Street to $16,500 for a commercial two-story apartment building on Park Street. "Their vision is to bring people to reside here and work here, so hopefully this is wonderful for the city of Amsterdam," Mayor Ann Thane is quoted as saying. She is also reported to have estimated that there were bids on 131 properties from all parties, bringing a total of $325,000 into the city treasury.

 

WPHO's leader, Master Ziguang Shang Shi, as Lucas Wang prefers to be called, spoke in Chinese through an interpreter to promise:  "We're going to convert all this old property into something good to ... beautify the city."  The question of whether the properties would be moved off the tax rolls, which was a major concern in August, has still not been answered.

The numbers shifted by October 17 when the Albany Times Union reported that the Buddhists acquired 48 properties at a foreclosure auction in August, paying as little as $100 to as much as $16,500, for a total of almost $100,000 on foreclosures. 

Neither newspaper report turns out to be completely accurate.  According to records obtained from Amsterdam City Assessor Calvin Cline, a total of 41 properties costing $1,234,000 are now under the name of Lucas Wang, with prices ranging from $700 to $65,000. According to Cline, none of the foreclosed properties are listed under the names of the World Peace and Health Organization or Guang Huan Mi Zong.

Pat Baia, a developer in Amsterdam who specializes in renovating neglected houses, expressed surprise at the quality and extent of the purchases.  It was his impression that the WPHO people had not examined the properties which they bought, and might not be aware of how much additional investment many of them needed.

Citing the example of a house on Strong Street he bought at auction for $9000, Baia said that the building would require at  least another $30,000 to bring it up to code, and suitable for habitation. “Houses like this have to be renovated within a year or face code violations. And if renovation cannot be completed prior to winter, they must be secured and sealed to avoid water damage.”  But, he pointed out, the city has only one official in charge of housing code violations, and he has a large backload.

13 Voorhees Street, price $700

11 Voorhees Street, price $10,000

A visit on October 27 to  properties listed under the name of Lucas Wang confirmed Baia’s concerns.  Five houses on Voorhees Street vary in the degree of deterioration and, more significantly, there is no sign that renovation work has begun.  Large bags of trash fill the porch of 13 Voorhees, which was sold at $700, and a neighbor believed that the city has already issued a citation.

A Spanish-speaking resident of the street said that some people had started to clean out one house, but that he saw no one with the tools needed for serious work. He said that he offered to work for the group, but had not yet received a response. He mentioned one acquaintance who did work three days for the WPHO as an unpaid volunteer, but he maintained that skilled people would not work without pay.

319 East Main Street, price $32,000 

Houses listed under the name of Lucas Wang at other locations showed the same pattern: badly neglected buildings, deteriorated roofs, open or broken windows.  Neighbors of the partly boarded-up 319 East Main Street had seen no sign of anyone working on the house or cleaning debris from the property.

 4 Bell  Street, price $20,000

Tree growing from the roof of 4 Bell Street

A huge building at 4 Bell Street, probably once a boarding house, and sold for $20,000, has been vacant so long that a tree has taken root on the deteriorated roof.  166 Guy Park Avenue, at $25,000, is situated amid successful businesses, but exhibits roof damage and open windows.

 Broken windows at 166 Guy Park Avenue, price $25,000

Despite the failure, thus far, to address the immediate needs of such deteriorated buildings, the WPHO continues to look for more real estate opportunities.  Efforts to purchase the old Chalmers mill on the Mohawk River stalled when the city insisted that the unsafe structure be demolished as a condition for buying the prime riverfront property.

 74 Mechanic Street, price $30,000

77 Mechanic Street, price $33,000

The WPHO is also eager to finalize purchase, for $460,000, of the Clara S. Bacon Elementary School.  The 240 acre Adirondack Center Camp in Ephratah was bought in August for $400, 000. Jenny Wang, spokesperson for the WPHO, confirmed that discussions are underway for the purchase of the YWCA building in Gloversville, which has an asking price of $400,000.

 Clara S. Bacon School, price $460,000

All of the recent sales, completed or in progress, would exceed $3.5 million, not including renovation costs which could easily double or triple that number.

The real estate spending spree, initially welcomed by many local officials and residents, is evoking concern.   The failure to renovate or secure the houses , in particular, has not gone unnoticed.  Richard Leggiero, alderman for the fifth ward, participated in a recent meeting at which city officials met with Jenny Wang and Lucas Wang. “They didn’t seem to know how we do things here, so we sat them down and told them they needed licensed contractors and building permits. We told them the city will not pick up construction materials like sheet rock and lumber, and they need to rent dumpsters.”

The Moshers, a retired couple who live next door to 49 Mechanic Street, one of Wang's properties, said that the house, built in the 1830s and sold for $29,000 in August, was in desperate need of a new roof.  “Why are they buying all these old houses?”  Harold Mosher asked.

I posed the same question to Lucas Wang,  through his translator Jenny Wang, and he responded by describing his dream of preparing places for the thousands of people he expected to flock to this city to share in his teachings about health and serenity.

 Ziguang Shang Shi (Lucas Wang)

And perhaps this religious leader's faith in his own vision of Buddhism really is the only explanation behind the seemingly irrational bout of acquisition.

Buddhists Promise a Renaissance for Amsterdam, New York

 Author with Ziguang Shang Shi and his congregation

The World Peace and Health Organization has promised to invest a billion dollars in Amsterdam, New York and local people have had a mixed reaction. 

After residing very quietly for several years at an old Jesuit retreat house in nearby Auriesville, the Chinese Buddhists have moved into town in a big way. Since June, Ziguang Shang Shi and his congregation have paid over $3.5 million dollars in cash for two closed Catholic churches, a former elementary school, over 40 foreclosed homes and a large summer camp in Ephratah.

 Amsterdam voters narrowly approved a referendum to sell 

the Clara S. Bacon School to the WPHO

On September 21, local news reported that one of the purchased churches had been burglarized and eight Buddha statues, as well as some copper piping, were missing. Two local men, said by police to be suspects in other burglaries, were soon arrested. 

 Five Buddhas Temple, 

formerly St. Casimir's Catholic Church

On October 17, the Albany Times Union carried a front page article entitled, “Utopia Along the Mohawk?” which brought regional attention to the WPHO.

The group’s leader, Ziguang Shang Shi, also known as Lucas Wang, says that he was told  in a dream by Jesus to transform Amsterdam into a great spiritual and economic center. "Our purpose is to spread the message of world peace, our message of all humans being healthy. To spread the message that all religions are the same God, the same family. There is no conflict."

The article described the group’s self-proclaimed mission:

  

“Calling themselves the World Peace and Health Organization, Wang and his followers tout an ambitious plan to transform this old mill city along the Mohawk River into a booming monument to health and wealth. They said they can invest $1 billion to make it happen. Through investments and donations from China, the Buddhists envision Amsterdam as home to a solar energy plant, an elaborate cemetery, a cultural exchange center and a theme park. The Buddhists' investments so far are impressive -- the community has purchased properties totaling about $1 million.”

 

One of the many abandoned factories in Amsterdam

In a city strewn with abandoned factories, where population has fallen from a peak of  nearly 40,000 to less than 18,000 today, such a huge investment has been welcomed by community leaders. After the Buddhists purchased two dozen foreclosed homes for prices ranging from $700 to $65,000 at an auction on August 11, Mayor Ann Thane  told the Amsterdam Recorder: "Their vision is to bring people to reside here and work here, so hopefully this is wonderful for the city of Amsterdam.”

But many local people are skeptical about the Chinese-speaking newcomers. “Why are they buying all those houses?” asked a waitress at Emmy Lou’s Diner on Chuctnundra Street.  “My husband says they’re trying to take over the whole town,. And I don’t want to see what they’ve done to St. Casimirs.  I loved that church.”

Other residents are quite happy with the newcomers. Joe Pavlacka who lives near St. Michael's Church, welcomed WHPO investment in the city, although he did wonder if the group was actually the Falun Gong, a sect that has been persecuted by the Chinese government.  A man from Mayfield has attended two WPHO meetings and is quite interested in possible health benefits. And a professional pet sitter who brought her disabled sister to a meeting was also curious  about promises of improved health and well-being.. 

Several people commented on what good neighbors the WPHO people are, and how pleasant and unthreatening they are. “They are not out there committing crimes,”  said a man attending the temple dedication ceremony on October 27.

Personally, I received a warm welcome in my first visit to the Five Buddhas Temple, as St. Casimir’s is now known, on October 21.  After expressing my curiosity, I was invited to sit in on a lecture being given by Ziguang Shang Shi.  He was speaking in Chinese to a group of  33 people, who  were sitting cross-legged and giving him their full attention.   

 Ziguang Shang Shi speaking to his congregation

Ziguang soon brought me into the discussion, with WPHO spokesperson Jenny Wang as interpreter, and I was able to pose to him a series of questions which local people were asking:

1-  How many people will be coming from China to live in Amsterdam?

2-  Will the people from China settle and raise families here like previous immigrants?  Is it their goal to become American citizens?

3-  Why is the group buying so many properties? And, in particular, why do they need large properties like the Clara Bacon School and the former Adirondack Center Camp in Ephratah?

Ziguang answered none of these questions but simply repeated much of what was in the Times Union article: Jesus told him in a dream to come here; he has come to bring health to the people of Amsterdam; he will bring prosperity by opening new factories and other businesses.

However, despite what I initially saw as evasiveness, he did make a more productive dialogue possible by asking the congregation to face me, while he stepped aside. Our conversation continued, with Jenny’s assistance, for nearly an hour, after which we visited the main hall of the beautiful old church and viewed the five Buddha statues which have recently been imported from China to replace the statues stolen in September.

Statues of the five Buddhas in former St, Casimir's Chruch,
prior to unveiling at temple dedication ceremony

 During my first visit, I was invited to return for the formal dedication of the Five Buddhas Temple on October 27, which I did. Prior to the ceremony I had the opportunity to speak one-on-one with several members of the WPHO. Most spoke no English at all, but two women had a bit of English and responded warmly to my few phrases in Mandarin. The first lady told me that she had met Ziguang seven months earlier in Hong Kong and followed him here. The second lady said that she had come to this country one month ago.  

Other than Jenny Wang, I met only one other newcomer who speaks fairly fluent English. Unlike most of the women, Regina has shaved her head, which is common among Buddhist monks and nuns. She told  me that she has been with Ziguang since meeting him five years ago in Hong Kong.

A Chinese-born woman with very little English, now living in Albany, told me that she had been confined to a wheelchair until a few months ago when he cured her. She is now able to walk without a problem. "He is a very nice man," she told me.


In the course of my conversations with the WPHO congregation over two days, I came to a number of conclusions:

They are native Chinese, and the overwhelming majority speak little to no English.  I am unable to determine the total number of people who have come from China and now  live in one of the WPHO-owned buildings, but I have met 36 members.


Two American citizens, Mark Tennyson and Dayan Arias, were present both days, and Mark said that he wanted to learn Chinese.  He also reported that following spiritual exercises with Ziguang had greatly improved his health.  

 Ziguang presiding at temple dedication  ceremony; 

Dayan and Mark serve as honor guards to his right

I did not ask  those from China about immigration status or visas, but Ziguang Shang Shi said that he was a citizen of the world and did not intend to become a U.S. citizen.

They do not see themselves as  necessarily settling here permanently and answered with blank stares when I asked if they sought to become American citizens.  At one point, when Ziguang said he might go to France if people here did not want him, I asked the group if they would stay in that case or if they would follow their master. They cried out in almost one voice that they would follow the master wherever he went.

Of the 36 people I met, 25 are female. They vary in age. None are adolescents and a few are middle-aged or elderly. There are evidently no children.  Those who have come with Zihuang from China do not have employment outside the WPHO. Four of the men whom I met, including Mark and Dayan, are either US or Canadian citizens and do not reside in WPHO-owned buildings.

Although they resist the label, they see themselves more as missionaries, or perhaps pilgrims, than  immigrants. They, like many Buddhists, say that their way of life is not a religion, and that people can share the master’s teaching while keeping their own religions. However, their goal is to bring other people to share their faith in the master and his teachings. I saw only two women wearing the saffron robes traditional for Buddhist monks and nuns.

WPHO spokesperson Jenny Wang translating 

for Ziguang at temple dedication ceremony

It is the congregation’s understanding that they are here to prepare the city for a huge influx of people who will come from across the US, and from other countries, to share in the master’s teachings about serenity and health.  They believe they will be working on the many properties the group has purchased in order to accommodate the anticipated thousands.

However, there are some very large questions that neither the master nor his congregation has answered:

Despite the large financial resources they apparently have, is there any evidence that the WPHO will invest in enterprises which bring significant employment to those outside the group?

Although they say they want to attract thousands of visitors to their proposed healing and teaching center, what leads them to think this is at all likely?  

Who is funding the WPHO? The source of income is not clear, and this raises questions about the motivations for the extensive real estate purchases, and whether the Amsterdam community can count on them in the long term. 

And the fundamental question: What is the shared  belief system and is it as entirely centered on one man as it seems? 

It is traditional for a Buddhist sect to form itself around a single enlightened individual, and this has been true from the time of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of the religion, down to the Dalai Lama today. Unlike, say, a pope or the prophet Mohammad, the enlightened one is seen as a  person with a powerful understanding of reality - but  not as a messenger or interpreter of a God outside the human mind. However, it is easy for those raised outside this tradition to become suspicious when so much wisdom or authority is attributed to a human being.

Ziguang gave me  his  self-published book, Holy Master Ziguang Shang Shi in USA; Miraculous Stories of Salvation, which is composed entirely of personal testimonies of what most Americans  would  call faith healing. Being a skeptic by nature, I found this to be immediately suspect. However, it is not unusual for physical healing to be associated with Buddhist religious practice, although it is certainly more central to them than to other Buddhist sects. (See "Buddhism and Healing", an essay by Alfred Bloom, professor emeritus at the University o,f Hawaii.)

As to the master personally, he certainly seems affable. However, he will speak  only Chinese and all communication goes through translation by his aide, Jenny, and this limited my ability to get direct answers to my questions.

WPHO members preparing for temple dedication ceremony

My greatest concern, after several hours over two days spent with the WPHO group, is with the isolation of  the members from China and their dependence on their leader.  They appear to be without families or children; they are in a completely alien culture; they cannot speak the language; and if they wished to leave, many would be unable to even ask directions to a bus station. I am not sure of their visa status but they do not have employment outside the group. 

In outward manner, they are very friendly and polite, and this has created a positive impression among many local residents. But only two or maybe three women I have met are able to communicate with English-speaking people and none, as far as I know, can communicate with the sizable Spanish-speaking population of the neighborhood. 

Therefore, they have to depend entirely on their leader and his two or three key aides for interpretation of the society around them. Jenny Wang consistently speaks for the group to the English-speaking world, and she evidently mediates all interaction with those outside the community. Zihuang is 67, and  I am sure his people hope he lives to be 120. But if he becomes incapacitated or passes away, it appears to me that they would be totally lost and the community would disintegrate - with it, all the promised hopes for a rejuvenated Amsterdam.

Imagine yourself placed in a similar situation in a remote city in China, and you will inevitably share my concern for these very engaging newcomers to our region.

Video of Ziguang Shang Shi, his followers and visitors from
Amsterdam community at Dedication of Five Buddhas Temple
October 26, 2010

Update November 3, 2010

Thinking about the plight of the Buddhists I describe in this post, I volunteered to share with them a simple team-based language learning strategy that I developed in an earlier career. It’s an easily replicated system in which pairs rehearse typical dialogues, then engage in conversation with native speakers, and then receive feedback from a second pair. The whole process requires only four people going out into the community. They could then model it for others in the group.

I spoke with with Ziguang’s chief aide Jenny and told her what I wanted to do, and asked how many people from China were in the Amsterdam area. She wouldn’t give me a definite number, or even a ballpark range. After some further questions on my part, she clarified by saying that people came and went from China.

This information suggests a very different perspective on the group. It seems possible that Ziguang only has a small staff here and that pilgrims arrive to meet with Ziguang  at the Western Shrine, as the Auriesville Retreat House is known to them – and then come to Amsterdam for only a limited time to  learn about how the proposed world city of peace and health is progressing. The building of this new city seems central to their developing mythology – and the stream of pilgrims from China, if that is  actually the case, may simply be comprised of small donors who are contributing to the real estate purchases. They could be compared with American Christian donors going to Africa, say, to see for themselves the results of missionary work they have supported.

 The Western Shrine in Auriesville (formerly Jesuit Retreat House)

from WPHO Chinese-language promotional material

If he is as short-handed as Jenny Wang implies, this could explain why so little is being done with the properties already acquired. Ziguang may not have anywhere near the 30 or 40 settlers that I thought he did. On the other hand, a clerk told me that the group has shown up at the Home Depot with “suitcases of cash” to buy building materials.  

There is still no convincing explanation for the extensive and continuing purchase of  real estate in Amsterdam and environs.  But more transparency on the part of the WPHO people would do much to allay local misgivings. And the first step would be for his staff to acquire enough English to speak in a relaxed way with people in Amsterdam – and I hope I can encourage them in making that possible.