The River That Flows Both
Ways has been issued in a revised edition drawing on new research
and correcting inconsistencies noted by readers in the 2008 edition. The novel centers on Harmen van den Bogaert, a nearly forgotten early Dutch explorer and surgeon who has recently been
recognized as a gay martyr. In a 2015 Huffington Post
article, Gay New Amsterdam: The Queer Case of Harmen van den Bogaert,
Kim
Dramer describes the historical record upon
which I draw in this novel. And Ted O’Reilly, the head of the
manuscript department at the NY Historical Society posted an
interesting article in June: The Bad Fate of Harmen Meyndertsz van den Bogaert. George O’Connor also published a well-received graphic novel on Harmen’s visit as the Mohawk
villages: Journey into Mohawk Country.
My novel is told through the
voice of Matouac, a young Mohican who comes to live with Harmen and
his family after his own family was slaughtered by Mohawk raiders.
The story is imagined as being transcribed by the Calvinist pastor,
Johannes Megapolensis, who provides his own footnotes to quibble and
critique the tale of the boy he views as a heathen. Many other
historical figures from the Dutch settlement at Fort Orange (now
Albany NY) appear, including Harmen’s wife Jelisje and his African
slave, Tobias. Harmen’s downfall came when his relationship with
Tobias was discovered, and they both fled to the more tolerant
society of the Mohawks.
Navajo two-spirits
Although suppressed by Christian
missionaries, indigenous tribes often made provision for same sex couples, whom many called “two-spirits.” The seventeenth century century Dutch, like other European countries of that era, provided the death
penalty for the same behavior. The power differential
between Harmen and his African slave certainly suggests to us today that the relationship was predatory. However, the historical fact is that Tobias fled with Harmen
into Mohawk country, perhaps out of fear or dependence but also possibly out of genuine affection. Here is a brief excerpt from my book on their refuge with the
original inhabitants of the Mohawk Valley:
There were also two women living in the
lodge. They dressed as men and cut their hair in a scalplock. They
were seldom in the lodge and were usually out hunting with their
bows.
“I am happy here,” Harmen said to me.
“These are good people and they do not say that Tobias and I are
wicked or wrong. They say that they will teach me all their
ceremonies and in the corn festival next year I will be made a member
of their secret society.”
“Will you be here that long?” I asked.
“I want to stay here,” he said. “I will
never return to the country of the whites.”
“Is Tobias is happy here?” I asked him.
“Yes,” he said, watching Tobias help one of
the men-women stretch a deerskin over a framework made of branches.
“The Mohawks do not look down on him because he has black skin. He
can be a person here, as he could never be among the whites.”
Realizing that Catharina was listening
closely to our conversation, he added. “You, too, Catharina, can
find a true home here. You will never be a slave again if you live
with the Mohawks.”
I knew that the Mohawks were capable of great
cruelty and might easily turn on us as they had turned on Ondessonk.
I never forgot my grandfather’s warning that they, even more than
the whites, were the true enemies of my people. But for now, the
Mohawks were our friends and we would be warm and have enough to eat
as the winter deepened.
Ondessonk, to whom Matouac refers, meant "the indomitable one" and was what the Mohawks called Isaac Jogues, the Jesuit missionary and martyr. In the novel Matouac comes to know and admire him, and is present when he is killed at Ossernenon.
The River That Flows Both Ways, 2017 edition is now available:
