Dolge portrait from his obituary, 1922
Thinking about a new historical novel based on the life of Alfred Dolge, I recently returned to the village
he founded, Dolgeville. In my earlier postings on this site, The Enlightened Capitalism of Alfred Dolge and The Downfall of Alfred Dolge I explored his history , but
was left with many
questions. In publishing here some of my
more recent thoughts on this remarkable visionary, I am looking forward to
hearing from Dolgeville natives and others who share my fascination with his
late 19th century mix of capitalism and socialism.
When I first posted a piece on
the 1912 Little Falls strike eighteen months ago, I heard from many people whose insights and
comments guided the subsequent writing of my short novel of the strike, The Red Nurse.
The panel discussion on the strike in which I participated on August 9 at the
old Stone Mill was another great opportunity to learn from others who share an interest in
that long ago struggle.
The Dolgeville-Manheim Historical Society
I arrived in Dolgeville on a beautiful August
morning and met with Bob Maxwell, president of the Dolgeville-ManheimHistorical Society, who
graciously opened the society’s museum and archives to me. The museum is housed
in an 1890 Firehouse on Main Street, built during the heyday of Dolge’s reign
over the village. The first floor features a number of exhibits on village
history, including artifacts from the Dolge family. There is also a display of footwear
manufactured by the Daniel Green Shoe Company, which continued for many decades
an industry pioneered by Dolge.
Clock from the Dolge home
Zimmerman autoharp manufactured in Dolgeville
The second floor contains a trove
of materials that would require several doctoral students to do it justice. Cabinets
packed with Dolge era files contain handwritten notes by Dolge, his school
notebooks from Germany, family photographs and far more. There was a scrapbook
kept by his son Rudolf, a phrenological study of Rudolf, the notes he made for
his defense in the court cases that followed the bankruptcy, and a note he sent
many years later from Venezuela to explain his role in the crisis of 1898.
There were also piles of ledgers from the factories and books from the
industrialist’s private library. I also found Dolge’s own notes for his defense
in the court case of 1899.
Map drawn by young Alfred as a student in Germany
Alfred Dolge's notes for his own defense
I was particularly glad to find
that the society offers for sale a photocopy of the very rare book, History of a Crime, in which Dolge
explained how his dream of an ideal industrial village was destroyed. There were also fragile newspaper clippings in
which Dolge was viciously attacked as responsible his own financial collapse.
Possibly Rudolf Dolge?
In the self-published History of
a Crime the industrialist provides a very detailed description of how he was tricked
out of all he had built. After a brief summary of the conspiracy by Hardin and
Ingham, the bulk of the book consists of depositions in a lawsuit initiated by the Garfield Bank,
and concludes with Dolge’s May 6, 1899 farewell speech, in which he says:
“I have been called a dreamer.
Yes, I am a dreamer, full of ideals, full of enthusiasm for the good, the noble
in mankind and nature, a firm believer in humanity and the possibility for
everybody. The world would be better if we had more dreamers of this kind and
fewer cold-blooded egotists who regard their fellow men only as an object for
plunder.”
He paints himself as an idealist
among knaves, but it simply defies credibility how such a brilliant and dynamic
man could let himself be repeatedly deceived by Judge George Hardin and
Schuyler Ingham, remaining loyal to them even as they systematically dismantled
his companies from April to August of 1898. He is also less than convincing in
his explanation of how his son Rudolf was prevailed upon to give a power of attorney to the unscrupulous men who
destroyed not only his father’s wealth but
also the hopes that his workers had
placed in the pension, insurance and profit-sharing plans dependent on the
Dolge companies.
Trestle foundation from the Dolgeville-Little Falls Railroad
Perhaps Dolge was overextended
since financing the Dolgeville-Little Falls railroad and trusted Hardin and
Ingham to devise means to outsmart his creditors. Perhaps his own hands were
not completely clean, but this possibility cannot yet be determined with any
certainty. It is clear, however, that Hardin and Ingham profited immensely from
Dolge’s ruin and immediately destroyed the complex social welfare system he had
built up.
Dolge mansion
The Dolgeville Mills
After only touching the surface
of the archives, I walked around the village to see some of the many structures
still in use 114 years after its founder left forever. The limestone factories
on the East Canada Creek and the Dolge mansion are in fine repair, as they were
on my last visit, thanks to the care of their current owner, Charlie
Soukup. The Turnhalle, the imposing
social and cultural center of the 1890s community on Faville Avenue, currently
houses Bergeron Company which manufactures strollers, car seats, and equipment
for children with disabilities. It is heartening to see companies like Bergeron
still making valued products here in America, although they are reportedly
seeking Asian partnerships.
The Turn Halle
I then followed Van Buren Street
extension down to the location of High Falls Park, a gift of Dolge to the
village which was, sadly, sold off by his creditors soon after his departure. I
met a very friendly retired couple, the Andersons, now living near where the
home of Dolge’s father once stood. Christian Dolge was a revolutionary in
Germany, imprisoned for his part in the 1848 uprising, and must have been quite
a formative influence on his son. He is
said to have been friendly with Karl Marx, who fled Germany after 1848. Marx’s
history of the uprising, and analysis of why it failed, is quite readable.
(Marx’s Revolution and Counter-Revolution, or Germany in 1848 is available free
on Kindle)
Christian Dolge
Christian Dolge and hunting companion
Christian followed his son to
Dolgeville by the 1880s and his farmhouse was the scene of many gatherings. He
kept his own menagerie and the remains of his trout ponds are still on the
Anderson’s property. The Andersons told
me what they knew of the High Falls Park and shared with me a map drawn by John
Lacik.
Map of High Falls Park by John Lacik
A view of what was once the ballfield at High Falls park
Looking across what was once the
ball field of High Falls Park, I tried to imagine the nearby woods as they were
in the 1890s, a scene of wholesome recreation for the workers and their families who lived a life
beyond imagining for those toiling in the factories of Little Falls and similar
milltowns. Here in Dolgeville, those who worked hard believed that a decent
pension, healthcare, and education for their children was assured. How many of them, I wondered, realized that
their hopes and expectations depended entirely on the one man whose name the
village bore? And how many could have imagined
that over a century later American working people would still not be assured of
health insurance and a decent pension and disability protection, and moreover
that those benefits already won would be under attack?
Mr. and Mrs. Dolge in later life.
Woman at left may be Dolge's sister Anna
My novel on the later life of Alfred Dolge, Mr. Dolge's Money, can be found on Amazon in paperback for $9.95 and on kindle for 99 cents. The story centers on Alfred and Anna's grandson Joseph, or Jose, who is imagined as a son of Rudolf's from Venezuela. At the very end of World War I. Alfred dispatches the young man on a mission across newly Bolshevik Russia into a Germany in the midst of its revolution. In the course of Joseph's attempts to recover his grandfather's hidden fortune, he narrowly escapes from Lenin's secret police and the early Nazis and their followers from the occultist circles of Munich.
My short factual biography of Alfred Dolge is also available on Kindle for 99 cents and as an illustrated paperback for $7.95. The Kindle version can also be read on tablets,smartphones and PCs by downloading the free
Kindle app. Amazon Prime members may also borrow the story through the
Kindle Owners Lending Library.